Verbal Adjectives
To-Do
PE22/111:
-
-ia -
-astea, -area, -alea -
-ula -
-ite, -maite -
-ima, -alima -
-nwa
PE22/136:
-
-la, -ya, -lya -
-na, -nwa -
-ula -
-ite -
-ima
Types of Verbal Adjectives
Quenya has several types of verbal adjectives (adjectives formed from verb stems):
- adjectives in
-ya - adjectives in
-ula - adjective in
-itë - adjective in
-ima
For the formation of these adjectives, →@@ (Word formation). For the use of participles (which are also a kind of verbal adjective), →52.
Adjectives in -ima
Passive possibility
The adjectives in -ima formed from lengthened-grade stem express passive possibility:
- edible
- feasible
- visible
TODO
- EXAMPLE
Note
‘Passive possibility’ should here be taken to include a range of nuances, such as 'permission', 'right', 'appropriateness', etc.: avaquétima not to be said, that must not be said
When form from zero-grade stem, the adjective in -ima were (permanently, by nature) intensive:
- luminous
- wise
- affectionate
Unlike the lengthened-grade adjectives, these can be formed also from intransitive verbs.
Help
Per LVS, if -alima is discarded, both uses of -ima would result in istima 'knowable, wise', which seems broken. Isn't it better to have istalima 'knowable' and istima 'wise'?
Passive necessity
Controversial
- Add evidence discussion
Verbal adjectives in -ima can also express a passive necessity (similar to what's also called gerundive in Greek and Latin): the word or phrase with which the adjective agrees is to undergo a certain action, e.g. quétima (it is) to be said, rúcima the thing which must be feared (substantivized, →@@.@@).
Such adjectives are used as predicative complement with the linking verb ná be (though the linking verb is in fact often omitted, →@@.@@):
Todo
- EXAMPLES
If expressed, the agent appears in the instrumental (→@@.@@) or, if animate, can be introduced with the preposition ló:
Todo
- EXAMPLES
Other adjectives
Adjectives in -itë
The adjectives in -itë from short-grade stems describe a general, natural or usual characteristic:
- watchful
- busy
- probable
Todo
- EXAMPLES